Ansiedad manifiesta y calidad de vida en escolares con TDAH durante el confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19 / Manifest anxiety and quality of life in schoolchildren with adhd during covid-19 pandemic confinement

La pandemia generada por COVID-19 obligó a los gobiernos de todos los países entrar en cuarentena, modificando la convivencia diaria entre los miembros de la familia. Objetivo. Evaluar la Ansiedad manifiesta y la Calidad de vida en escolares con TDAH durante el confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19.Método. Estudio transversal comparativo, observacional, no experimental de 105 escolares con TDAH y 80 formado por el Grupo Control evaluados con la Escala de Ansiedad manifiesta en niños Revisada (CMAS-R). Y la calidad de vida con el cuestionario (AUQUEI).Los escolares fueron diagnosticados con TDAH en el Laboratorio de Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, y tratados con terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC)para control de sus síntomas conductuales, antes de la Pandemia y fueron invitados a través del consentimiento informado de sus padres a participar en esta investigación. Resultados. El cuestionario CMAS-R mostró diferencias significativas en sus cinco dimensiones entre los grupos con diferente subtipo de TDAH y el grupo control. Y el cuestionario AUQUEI mostró diferencias en 4 de sus 5 dimensiones entre escolares con y grupo control 3 de 5 factores entre los subtipos combinado e hiperactivo impulsivo y grupo control y entre el subtipo combinado y el hiperactivo Impulsivo. Hubo correlaciones entre: Ocio, Ansiedad Fisiológica, Calidad de vida total e Inquietud/Hipersensibilidad; así como entre Separación, Rendimientos y Ansiedad total en el subtipo TDAH-Combinado y Grupo Control. Conclusiones. Se observó aumento en los indicadores de ansiedad y disminución en su calidad de vida, en los escolares con TDAH. (AU)

The pandemic generated by COVID-19 forced the governments of all countries to enter into quarantine,modifying the daily coexistence among family members. Objective: To evaluate manifest anxiety and quality oflife in school children with ADHD during confinement due tothe COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Comparative, observational, non-experimental cross-sectional study of 105 schoolchildren with ADHD and80 in the Control Group evaluated with the “Manifest Anxiety in Children Scale-Revised (CMAS-R)”. And the quality oflife with the questionnaire (AUQUEI).The school children were diagnosed with ADHD in the Neurosciences Laboratory of the National Rehabilitation Institute, and treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)to control their behavioral symptoms, before the Pandemicand were invited through the informed consent of their parents to participate in this research. Results. The CMAS-R questionnaire showed significant differences in its five dimensions between the groups withdifferent ADHD subtypes and the control group. And the AUQUEI questionnaire showed differences in 4 of its 5 dimensions between school children with and control group 3of 5 factors between the combined and hyperactive impulsive subtypes and control group and between the combined subtype and the hyperactive impulsive subtype. There were correlations between: Leisure, Physiological Anxiety, Total Quality of Life and Restlessness/Hypersensitivity; as well as between Separation, Achievement and TotalAnxiety in the ADHD-Combined subtype and Control Group. Conclusions. An increase in anxiety indicators and a decrease in their quality of life were observed in schoolchildren with ADHD. (AU)

Psychometric Properties of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) in Spanish Population / Propiedades Psicométricas del Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad-3 (ASI-3) en Población Española

Background: The Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) is the reference instrument for measuring anxiety sensitivity. The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the ASI-3 have been examined in university students but not in adults from the general population. Whether the ASI-3 subscales provide relevant information has not yet been examined either. Method: The ASI-3’s factor structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, and relationship with neuroticism were examined in a Spanish community sample of 919 adults. Results: In two subsamples of participants, the ASI-3 presented a structure of three correlated factors (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) that loaded on a higher-order factor, but the three factors did not explain much item variance. The total scale and subscales of the ASI-3 showed excellent or good indices of internal consistency (alphas and omegas = .81 – .91), and adequate indices of test-retest reliability at two months (r = .57 – .73) and the relationship with neuroticism and its facets (r = .19 – .52). Conclusions: The ASI-3 provides reliable, valid measures of anxiety sensitivity in Spanish adults, but its subscales are not very useful beyond the information provided by the total scale.(AU)

Antecedentes: el Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad-3 (ASI-3) es el instrumento de referencia para medir la sensibilidad a la ansiedad. Las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del ASI-3 se han examinado en estudiantes universitarios, pero no en adultos de la población general. Tampoco se ha examinado si las subescalas del ASI-3 aportan información relevante. Método: se examinó la estructura factorial del ASI-3, su consistencia interna, estabilidad temporal y relación con neuroticismo en una muestra comunitaria española de 919 adultos. Resultados: en dos submuestras de participantes, el ASI-3 presentó una estructura de tres factores correlacionados (preocupaciones físicas, cognitivas y sociales) que saturaban en un factor de orden superior, pero los tres factores no explicaban mucha varianza de los ítems. La escala total y las subescalas del ASI-3 mostraron índices excelentes o buenos de consistencia interna (alfas y omegas = .81 – .91) y adecuados de fiabilidad test-retest a los dos meses (r = .57 – .73) y de relación con el neuroticismo y sus facetas (r = .19 – .52). Conclusiones: el ASI-3 proporciona medidas fiables y válidas de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad en adultos españoles, pero sus subescalas no son muy útiles más allá de la información proporcionada por su escala total.(AU)

Saúde mental de pais durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Parental mental health during COVID-19 pandemic

OBJETIVO: Investigar a saúde mental de pais com filhos pequenos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados questionários elaborados pelo Google Forms, no qual foram aplicados os dados sociodemográficos, e as escalas EADS-21, IES-R, PSQI-BR e WHOQOL-BREF. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software estatístico SPSS 21.0 para Windows. Para descrição da amostra, foram utilizadas análises descritivas. Em todos os testes, foi considerada a significância estatística de 0,05. Os 327 participantes foram divididos em três grupos: voluntários sem filhos (Grupo 1), com filhos entre 0 e 6 anos (Grupo 2) e com filhos de 7 anos ou mais (Grupo 3), dos quais todos eram residentes da região Sul do Brasil. RESULTADOS: Os grupos com maior vulnerabilidade em relação à sua saúde mental é o de participantes sem filhos e com filhos de 0 a 6 anos, com maiores escores para as escalas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, e estresse pós-traumático, em comparação com o grupo com filhos de 7 anos ou mais. CONCLUSÕES: Mesmo que os dados mostrem que todos os grupos estão dentro da normalidade para as escalas aplicadas, faz-se necessário atentar para a saúde mental da população em maior sofrimento psíquico, seja a partir de estratégias desenvolvidas por profissionais de rede de saúde (SUS) e/ou da assistência social (SUAS), seja por projetos municipais/estaduais na busca pela promoção da saúde mental na rede.

OBJECTIVE: Explore the mental health of parents with young children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We used questionnaires prepared by Google Forms, applying sociodemographic data, and also the EADS-21, IES-R, PSQI-BR and WHOQOL-BREF scales were applied. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS 21.0 statistical software for Windows. To describe the sample, descriptive analyzes were used. In all tests, a statistical significance of 0.05 was considered. Of the 327 participants, they were divided into three groups: volunteers without children (Group 1), with children aged 0 to 6 years (Group 2), and with children aged 7 or over (Group 3). All volunteers were residents from South of Brazil. RESULTS: The groups with the greatest vulnerability in relation to their mental health are those of participants without children and parents with children aged 0 to 6 years, with higher scores for the depression, anxiety and stress, and post traumatic stress symptoms, compared to parents with children aged from 7 years or more. CONCLUSION: even though the data show that all groups are within the normal range for the scales applied, it is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of the population in greater psychological distress, either from strategies developed by health professionals (SUS) and/or or social assistance (SUAS), either by municipal/state projects in the search for the promotion of mental health.

Psychological Profile of Patients Diagnosed With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Perfil psicológico de pacientes diagnosticados de fibrosis pulmonar idiopática

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Cognitive Reappraisal Experimental Task: Replica in Mexican University Students

Background and Objective: Depression and anxiety, the most common mental disorders, have had a recent increase in prevalence in university students. The use of emotion regulation strategies and regulation success, which is predictive of mental health, have been primarily assessed through self-report, especially in Latin American samples. The present study sought to test a computerized emotion regulation experimental task in Mexican students samples. Method: Two Mexican samples of undergraduate and graduate students (Sample I: n = 49 and Sample II: n = 40) completed an experimental task (in-house Mexican Spanish translation). Participants were asked to decrease negative affect (reappraise) or react naturally in response to negative or neutral images and to selfreport affect immediately after. Results: We found a significant decrease in negative affect when adopting a reappraisal strategy (decrease instruction) in the experimental task when participants were given verbal training instructions. However, these differences were not as strong when they were given in written form. Conclusions: Given that most disorders begin in the early decades of life and the current high prevalence of depression and anxiety in university students, as well the importance of emotion regulation in the onset or prevention of psychopathology, it is important to study these strategies worldwide. The current study presents evidence of reduced negative affect after using reappraisal during an experimental task in Mexican university students. Further, our results highlight the importance of matching processes and replicating results in different cultural contexts.

Antecedentes y objetivo La depresión y la ansiedad son los trastornos mentales más comunes y recientemente han aumentado en estudiantes universitarios. El uso y éxito de estrategias de regulación emocional como predictoras de la salud mental ha sido previamente evaluada principalmente a través de autoinformes, especialmente en muestras latinoamericanas. El presente estudio buscó examinar una tarea experimental computarizada de regulación emocional en muestras de estudiantes mexicanos. Método: Dos muestras mexicanas de estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado (Muestra I: n = 49 y Muestra II: n = 40) completaron una tarea experimental (traducción al español mexicano). Se pidió a los participantes disminuir (reapreciar) el afecto negativo o reaccionar de forma natural en respuesta a imágenes negativas y neutrales e inmediatamente después informar su afecto negativo. Resultados: Encontramos una disminución significativa en el afecto negativo al utilizar la reapreciación (instrucción disminuya) en la tarea experimental cuando los participantes recibieron instrucciones de entrenamiento verbal. Sin embargo, estas diferencias no fueron tan fuertes cuando las instrucciones se dieron por escrito. Conclusiones: Dado que la mayoría de los trastornos inician en las primeras décadas de vida aunado a la alta prevalencia de depresión y ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios, así como la importancia de la regulación emocional en la aparición o prevención de la psicopatología es primordial estudiar estas estrategias a nivel mundial. El estudio presenta evidencia de la reducción del afecto negativo después de utilizar la reapreciación mediante una tarea experimental en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Además, se destacan la importancia de igualar procesos y replicar los resultados en diferentes contextos culturales.

Changes in mental health during the COVID-19 crisis in Romania: A repeated cross-section study based on the measurement of subjective perceptions and experiences.

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused dramatic changes in the daily lives of Romanians, affecting their mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved at three significant peaks, which sequentially occurred on: April 29, 2020; September 18, 2020; and the third wave registered the highest severity on November 27, 2020. Little is known about the mental health changes during this phase of this pandemic. This study evaluated mental health levels in Romania at the end of the first wave of the pandemic and amidst the third and most severe wave. We administered a two-phase internet-based survey among 543 and 583 participants, respectively, recruited through snowball sampling at a 6-month interval. The IPAT Anxiety Scale measured anxiety, the Beck's Depression Inventory measured depression, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale measured dissociation. We observed no statistically significant differences in the number of participants with clinically relevant scores at either time point. In the first survey, 23.8%, 19.2%, and 32.6% reported being clinically anxious, clinically depressed, and showed clinical dissociation, respectively. Binary logistic regressions indicated that age, education level, and previous traumatic events were significantly associated with clinical levels of anxiety and depression. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis reported a collective significant effect of gender, age, psychological impact, traumatic events, and dissociation on predicting high levels of anxiety and depression. Romanian adults' mental health status was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it did not change 6 months after the first lockdown.

Ansiedade social: adaptação e evidências de validade da forma curta da Social Interaction Anxiety Scale e da Social Phobia Scale para o Brasil / Social anxiety: adaptation and evidence of validity of the short form of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale for Brazil

OBJETIVO: A ansiedade social é um transtorno psicológico pouco publicizado, mas com importante distribuição epidemiológica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo adaptar para o contexto brasileiro as versões reduzidas da Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) e da Social Phobia Scale (SPS) (SIAS-6 e SPS-6) e produzir evidências de validade. Essas escalas avaliam ansiedade em interações sociais e ansiedade social diante da possibilidade de escrutínio por outras pessoas, sendo complementares. MÉTODOS: Como são escalas com reconhecido uso internacional, a adaptação para o Brasil pode trazer contribuições para as investigações clínicas e científicas acerca do transtorno de ansiedade social. Foram realizados processos criteriosos para a adaptação (tradução, avaliação por juízes, retrotradução, avaliação pelo público-alvo) e conduzido um levantamento on-line com 1.049 pessoas, maiores de 18 anos, com média de idade de 25,98 anos (DP = 7,55). RESULTADOS: Utilizaram-se Análises Fatoriais Confirmatórias e, desse modo, constatou-se que os índices de ajuste produzidos são, em geral, adequados (SRMR < 0,04, CFI > 0,96, TLI > 0,94 e RMSEA < 0,05) e que os itens possuem cargas fatoriais adequadas (entre 0,441 e 0,837). As evidências de validade discriminante também se mostraram satisfatórias, conseguindo diferenciar grupos por renda e orientação sexual, como esperado pela literatura. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que as escalas são adequadas para uso no Brasil, tanto para uso em separado como para uso combinado, como fatores correlacionados.

OBJECTIVE: Social anxiety is a poorly publicized psychological disorder, but with an important epidemiological distribution. The present study aimed to adapt the reduced versions of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS) (SIAS-6 and SPS-6) to the Brazilian context and produce evidence of validity. These scales assess anxiety in social interactions and social anxiety in face of the possibility of scrutiny by other people, being complementary. METHODS: As they are scales with recognized international use, adaptation to Brazil can bring contributions to clinical and scientific investigations about Social Anxiety Disorder. Judicious processes for adaptation were carried out (translation, evaluation by judges, back-translation, evaluation by the target audience) and an online survey was conducted with 1,049 people, over 18 years of age with an average age of 25.98 years (SD = 7.55). RESULTS: Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used and, thus, it was found that the adjustment indexes produced are, generally, adequate (SRMR < 0.04, CFI > 0.96, TLI > 0.94 and RMSEA < 0.05) and that the items have adequate factor loads. Evidence of discriminant validity was also satisfactory, managing to differentiate groups by income and sexual orientation as expected by the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the scales are suitable for use in Brazil, both for separate use and for combined use, as correlated factors.

Validation of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (gad-7) in Spanish pregnant women / Validación de la Escala de Cribado del Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizado (GAD-7) en mujeres embarazadas españolas

BACKGROUND: Anxiety during pregnancy is one of the most common mental health problems and a significant risk factor for postpartum depression. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is one of the most widely used self-report measures of anxiety symptoms available in multiple languages. This study evaluates the psychometric properties and underlying factor structures of the Spanish GAD-7 among pregnant women in Spain. METHOD: Spanish-speaking pregnant women (N = 385) were recruited from an urban obstetrics setting in Northern Spain. Women completed the GAD-7 and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist (SCL90-R) at three time points, once per trimester. The reliability, concurrent validity, and factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure, respectively. RESULTS: In the first trimester, the GAD-7 demonstrated good internal consistency (a = 0.89). GAD-7 is positively correlated with SCL90-R (anxiety subscale; r = 0.75; p < 0.001). The proposed one-factor structure is found using exploratory factor analysis -FACTOR program - with Unweighted Least Squares procedure and optimal implementation of parallel analysis (GFI = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Health providers should screen for anxiety using the GAD-7 during pregnancy among urban Spanish-speaking samples to provide appropriate follow-up care

ANTECEDENTES: la ansiedad durante el embarazo es uno de los problemas de salud más comunes y un factor de riesgo para la depresión posparto. El Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada-7 es una de las medidas de autoinforme de síntomas de ansiedad más utilizadas en varios idiomas. Este estudio evalúa las propiedades psicométricas y la estructura factorial del GAD-7 español en mujeres embarazadas. MÉTODO: se reclutaron mujeres embarazadas (N = 385) de un entorno de obstetricia urbana en el norte de España. Las mujeres completaron el GAD-7 y la subescala de ansiedad del SCL90-R en tres puntos temporales. La fiabilidad, la validez concurrente y los análisis factoriales se realizaron para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas y las estructuras factoriales, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: en la primera toma de medidas el GAD-7 demostró una buena consistencia interna (a = 0.89). GAD-7 se correlaciona positivamente con SCL90-R (subescala de ansiedad; r = 0.75; p < 0.001). Mediante análisis factorial exploratorio - programa FACTOR, extracción de factores de mínimos cuadrados no ponderados, análisis paralelo con implementación óptima - se obtiene una estructura unifactorial (GFI = 0.99). CONCLUSIONES: los profesionales deberían evaluar la ansiedad usando el GAD-7 durante el embarazo entre muestras urbanas de habla hispana para brindar atención adecuada

Psicología y lesiones deportivas: un estudio en lanzadores de béisbol / Psychology and sports injuries: a study in baseball pitchers / Psicologia e lesões esportivas: um estudo em lançadores de beisebol

La etiología multifactorial de las lesiones, así como la alta incidencia y prevalencia en lanzadores de béisbol requiere que éstas sean abordadas también desde la Psicología. En la presente investigación se estudian 48 lanzadores de béisbol en Villa Clara, Cuba, para determinar la relación entre variables psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento del deportista y las lesiones sufridas. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Aspectos Deportivos y Lesiones, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado, el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado en Competición y el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva. Los resultados muestran una alta prevalencia de lesiones, las que ocurren con mayor frecuencia en la competición. La mayoría de las variables psicológicas establecen relación con la experiencia y el número de lesiones sufridas, estimándose además el efecto negativo que éstas producen sobre la ansiedad, la autoconfianza, el control del afrontamiento negativo, el control de la atención y el control visual e imaginativo

The multifactorial etiology of injuries, as well as the high incidence and prevalence in baseball pitchers, requires that they also should be deal with from Psychology. This research studies 48 baseball pitchers in Villa Clara, Cuba, to determine the relationship between psychological variables associated with the athlete's performance and the injuries they've suffered. The Sports Aspects and Injuries Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State Anxiety Inventory in Competition and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution were applied. The results show a high prevalence of injuries, which occur most frequently in competition. Most of the psychological variables are related to the experience and the number of injuries suffered, also estimating the negative effect that they produce on anxiety, self-confidence, control of negative coping, control of attention and visual and imaginative control

A etiologia multifatorial das lesões, bem como a alta incidência e prevalência em lançadores de beisebol, requere que estas sejam abordadas também a partir da Psicologia. Na presente investigação, 48 lançadores de beisebol são estudados em Villa Clara, Cuba, para determinar a relação entre variáveis psicológicas associadas ao desempenho do atleta e as lesões sofridas. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Aspectos Esportivos e Lesões, o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado, o Inventário de Ansiedade do Estado em Competição e o Inventário Psicológico de Execução Esportiva. Os resultados mostram uma alta prevalência de lesões, que ocorrem mais frequentemente na competição. A maioria das variáveis ​​psicológicas está relacionada à experiência e ao número de lesões sofridas, estimando também o efeito negativo que produzem na ansiedade, autoconfiança, controle do enfrentamento negativo, controle da atenção e controle visual e imaginativo

Spanish validation of the parenting version of the "Spence Child Anxiety Scale" (SCAS-P) in a clinical sample / Validación española de la versión para padres de la “Escala de ansiedad infantil de Spence” (SCAS-P) en una muestra clínica

The child version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS-C) has demonstrated good psychometric properties, but research has scarcely focused on the parent version of the questionnaire (SCAS-P). We aimed to validate the Spanish version of the SCAS-P in a clinical sample (N= 137) of children and adolescents through their parents’ responses. The Spanish version of the SCAS-P showed good internal consistency for the total scale and for most subscales (Cronbach´s alpha between .49 y .83) and excellent test-retest reliability for all subscales (r between .71 and .91). Furthermore, convergent and divergent validity were supported by higher correlations with other measures of anxiety (r= .51), and lower correlations with measures of depression (r= .43) and externalizing problems (r= .34). For the first time in an exclusively clinical sample, the original factor structure of the SCAS-P based on six correlated factors was partially confirmed. The validation of the SCAS-P in a clinical sample provides professionals with a tool that better reflects the characteristics of their patients (AU)

La versión infantil de la “Escala de ansiedad infantil de Spence” (SCAS-C) posee buenas propiedades psicométricas, pero existe poca investigación sobre la versión para padres. Nuestro objetivo fue validar la versión española del SCAS-P en una muestra clínica (N= 137) de niños y adolescentes a través de las respuestas de sus padres. El SCAS-P mostró una buena consistencia interna para la escala total y para la mayoría de las subescalas (α de Cronbach entre 0,49 y 0,83) y una excelente fiabilidad test-retest para todas las subescalas (r entre 0,71 y 0,91). Además, la validez convergente y divergente fueron respaldadas por correlaciones significativas con otras puntuaciones de ansiedad (r= 0,51), y correlaciones más bajas con puntuaciones de depresión (r= 0,43) y problemas exteriorizados (r= 0,34), respectivamente. Por primera vez en una muestra exclusivamente clínica, se confirmó parcialmente la estructura factorial original del SCAS-P basada en seis factores correlacionados. La validación del SCAS-P en población clínica aporta a los profesionales una herramienta que refleja mejor las características de sus pacientes (AU)

Influence of information concerning a computerized anesthesia system on dental anxiety: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial among patients requiring an upper third molar extraction was performed to evaluate the anxiety degree after receiving information or not about the functioning of The Wand system. Secondarily, perceived pain and the need of re-anesthesia were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (detailed explanation about The Wand) or control group (no specific information). Local anesthesia with The Wand consisted in a supraperiosteal infiltrative technique injection 1.6 mL at the buccal and 0.2 mL at the palatal side. Distinct questionnaires for assessing dental anxiety and 100-mm visual analog scales to assess pain were delivered. Demographic data, radiological parameters, operative time and type of intervention were also registered. A descriptive bivariate analysis by non-parametric tests to detect differences in anxiety, pain and re-anesthesia was performed by SPSS 22.0 (SPPS Inc. Chicago, USA). RESULTS: A total of 85 patients were assessed for eligibility but 17 participants were lost due to the cancellation of the visit for the surgical intervention. Finally, sixty-eight patients were included (34 participants in each group), 47 women (69.1%) and 21 men (30.9%), with an average age of 28.8 (± 9.3) years. CONCLUSIONS: Patients that received a detailed explanation of The Wand did not have a significant reduction of the anxiety degree and perceived pain during the anesthetic act compared to patients that received no information. The need of re-anesthesia was not related to the anxiety level but was significantly related to increasing operative time

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Psychometric properties of the children's version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) in a Spanish clinical sample

The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) has demonstrated good psychometric properties in several countries and cultures. Nevertheless, most of the previous studies that explore these properties have combined clinical and community samples. We aimed to validate the Spanish version of the SCAS in a large clinical sample (N = 130) of children and adolescents. The Spanish adaptation of the SCAS showed good internal consistency for the total scale, and good test-retest reliability for all the subscales. Furthermore, its convergent and discriminant validity were supported by significant correlations with other anxiety questionnaires (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders [SCARED], Youth Self-Report [YSR] subscales for anxiety disorders and internalizing symptomatology), and lower or non-significant correlations with depression symptoms and externalizing symptoms scales respectively. For the first time in a purely clinical sample, the original factor structure of the SCAS based on six correlated factors was confirmed. Future studies need to evaluate whether the factorial structure of the present instrument is the most suitable for use in clinical populations

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La hiperlaxitud articular como marcador de ansiedad en niños / Joint hypermobility is a marker for anxiety in children

Antecedentes: Se ha encontrado que el síndrome de hiperlaxitud articular (SHLA) está asociado a trastornos de ansiedad en poblaciones clínicas y no clínicas, aunque hasta la fecha ningún estudio ha evaluado esta asociación en niños. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar el SHLA junto con la ansiedad, las medidas somáticas y conductuales en niños, para clarificar si el SHLA está asociado a cualquiera de estas variables en este rango de edad. Métodos: Se reclutó una muestra de 160 niños (74 chicas y 86 chicos) con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y los 17 años, procedentes de una clínica de salud mental de niños/adolescentes, para participar en el estudio. A todos los niños se les realizó una entrevista diagnóstica utilizando Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents. Los instrumentos utilizados incluyeron Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Screening Questionnaire to detect Hypermobility (SQ-CH) y Children Manifested Anxiety Scale (CMAS-R). Resultados: La prevalencia de SHLA en esta muestra fue del 22%, siendo significativamente alta en chicas (31%) en comparación con los chicos (14%) (χ2=6,83; p=0,001). El grupo SHLA obtuvo una puntuación considerablemente superior en la escala de ansiedad total CMAS-R (F=4,51; p=0,035), ansiedad fisiológica CMAS-R (F=7,19; p=0,008) y quejas somáticas CBCL (F=8,46; 0,004), y los análisis de regresión reflejaron que estas 3 variables eran factores predictivos de SHLA (χ2=36,77; p <0,001; r2=0,22). El grupo SHLA obtuvo también puntuaciones superiores en determinadas medidas conductuales. Conclusión: Los niños con SHLA tienen mayor frecuencia de trastornos de ansiedad y mayor intensidad de ansiedad fisiológica, quejas somáticas y, por tanto, podría utilizarse el SHLA como marcador para este fenotipo de ansiedad en los jóvenes

Background: Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) has been found to be associated with anxiety disorders in clinical and nonclinical populations, but to date no studies have evaluated this association in children. The main goal of this study is to evaluate JHS along with anxiety, somatic and behavioral measures in children to clarify if JHS is associated with any of these variables in this age range. Methods: A sample of 160 children (74 girls and 86 boys) ranging from 5 to 17 o were recruited from a Child-Adolescent Mental Health clinic to participate in the study. All children underwent a diagnostic interview using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents. Instruments used include the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Screening Questionnaire to detect Hypermobility (SQ-CH) and the Children Manifested Anxiety Scale (CMAS-R). Results: The prevalence of JHS in this sample was 22%, and this was significantly higher in girls (31%) than in boys (14%) (χ2=6.83; P=.001). The JHS group scored significantly higher in the CMAS-R total anxiety (F=4.51; P=.035), CMAS-R Physiological anxiety (F=7.19; P=.008) and the CBCL somatic complaints (F=8.46; 0.004) and regression analyses showed that these 3 variables were predictors of JHS (χ2=36.77; P<.001; r2=0.22). The JHS group also scored higher in some behavioral measures. Conclusion: Children with JHS have higher frequency of anxiety disorders and higher intensity of physiological anxiety, somatic complaints, and therefore, JHS might be used as marker for this anxiety phenotype in youngsters

The effect of the waiting room's environment on level of anxiety experienced by children prior to dental treatment: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: In addition to visit purpose, one of the environmental factors that can cause anxiety prior to dental treatment includes the waiting room experience, specifically the amount of time spent awaiting treatment and the waiting room environment. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the waiting room's environment on the level of anxiety experienced by children in multisensory and traditional waiting rooms. METHODS: Case control study. Test group waited for treatment in a multisensory waiting room, which consisted of a lighting column that children could touch and climb; as well as, rhythmic music played on loudspeakers. Control group waited for treatment in a traditional waiting room. Study participants were asked to answer the "Venham Picture Test", a dental anxiety scale, while in the waiting room prior to entering the treatment room. Chi-squared, Fisher's Exact tests, and linear regression were utilized. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: No significant difference in dental anxiety scores was found between the test and control groups according to waiting room type (p > .05). Dental anxiety was significantly higher in patients who had longer waiting time prior to treatment (p = 0.019). In addition, dental anxiety was significantly associated with visit purpose (p < .001): children waiting for dental examination or those scheduled for dental treatment with conscious sedation were less anxious than children waiting for emergency treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A sensory adapted waiting room environment may be less important in reducing children's anxiety prior to dental treatment. Children's dental anxiety can be reduced by preventing emergency treatments, scheduling routine dental visits and decreasing waiting time. TRIAL REGISTRATION: TRN NCT03197129, date of registration June 20, 2017.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Adolescent Version of the General Behavior Inventory in Korean Youth

OBJECTIVES: We examined the factor structure of the Adolescent version of the General Behavior Inventory (A-GBI) for Koreans. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 220 adolescents (age, 12–18 years) who completed the A-GBI through the Department of Psychiatry at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from October 2011 to December 2018. Caregivers of the study participants completed the Parent version of the GBI (P-GBI) 10-item Mania Scale. The adolescents were evaluated based on the A-GBI, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and Revised-Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). Subsequently, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the maximum likelihood method with direct oblimin rotation and correlation analyses with other scales were performed. RESULTS: The EFA identified a two-factor structure as having the best fit: factor I included depressive symptoms and factor II included hypomanic/biphasic symptoms. Factor I was very strongly correlated with the A-GBI depressive subscale (r=0.990, p<0.001) and strongly correlated with CDI (r=0.764, p<0.001) and RCMAS (r=0.666, p<0.001). Factor II was also very strongly correlated with the A-GBI hypomanic/biphasic subscale (r=0.877, p<0.001) and weakly correlated with CDI (r=0.274, p<0.001) and RCMAS (r=0.332, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The above findings support a two-dimensional model of mood symptoms in Korean youth.

The Influence of Depression and School Life on the Quality of Life of Korean Child and Adolescent Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparison of the Perspectives of the Patients and Their Caregivers

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the quality of life reported by patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to the patients' quality of life as reported by their caregivers. In addition, it aimed to examine how emotional problems, including depression and anxiety, and the severity of the symptoms affect the quality of life reported by the patients and their caregivers. METHODS: The patients' quality of life and their degree of depression and anxiety were measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Child Self-Report, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, respectively. The caregivers' perception of the patients' quality of life and severity of the ADHD symptoms were measured using the PedsQL 4.0 Parent Proxy Report and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), respectively. A total of 66 participants completed the survey. The independent-samples t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS: The mean score of the PedsQL 4.0 Child Self-Report was significantly higher than the mean score of the PedsQL 4.0 Parent Proxy Report. However, for school function, the PedsQL 4.0 Child Self-Report score was significantly lower than that of Parent Proxy Report. The correlation between the PedsQL 4.0 Child Self-Report and PedsQL 4.0 Parent Proxy Report scores was significant only for emotional function and social function. The multiple regression analysis showed that the PedsQL 4.0 Child Self-Report and PedsQL 4.0 Parent Proxy Report scores were significantly predicted by the CDI and CPRS scores, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that there are clear differences between the quality of life reported by the patient themselves and that reported by their caregivers. In addition, the findings suggest that it is critical to treat the patients' accompanying depressive symptoms.

Versión breve de la Escala de afrontamiento ante la ansiedad e incertidumbre preexamen (COPEAU) en universitarios peruanos / Coping with Pre-exam Anxiety and Uncertainty (COPEAU)-brief version in Peruvian college students

OBJETIVO: Analizar la validez interna de una versión breve del COPEAU en estudiantes universitarios de psicología residentes en Lima metropolitana. MÉTODO: Se evaluó una muestra de 631 estudiantes de psicología (61,5% mujeres) entre los 16 y 49 años. Se implementó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, un método para evaluar la equivalencia entre las versiones extensa y breve del COPEAU, y la fiabilidad fue analizada a través del coeficiente alfa y omega. RESULTADOS: La estructura original de 4 factores de la versión extensa fue replicada en la versión breve; y la correlación entre versiones apoya la equivalencia. Adicionalmente, los coeficientes de fiabilidad del COPEAU-B fueron adecuados. CONCLUSIÓN: Las propiedades psicométricas del COPEAU-B fueron satisfactorias. Se discuten las limitaciones del estudio

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the internal validity of COPEAU-brief version in psychology college students from Lima. METHOD: The sample included 631 students (61.5% women) between 16 and 49 years-old (Mean=20.37; SD=3.155). Was implemented A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, together with a method for assessing the equivalence between the long and brief version of COPEAU. The reliability was analysed using coefficient alpha and omega. RESULTS: The original four-factor structure was replicated in the brief version, and the correlation between versions support the equivalence. Additionally, the reliability coefficients of COPEAU were also adequate. CONCLUSION: The psychometric properties of COPEAU-B was satisfactory. The limitations of the study are discussed

Propiedades Psicométricas del Cuestionario de Preocupación Pensilvania (PSWQ) de las Versiones Original y Reducida en Muestras Mexicanas / Psychometric Characteristics of the Original and Brief Version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) in Mexican Samples

Introducción. En el siglo XXI los trastornos de ansiedad se han convertido en los más prevalentes en México, la preocupación excesiva es una de las primeras características que permiten su identificación. Contar con un instrumento válido y fiable que evalúe la preocupación patológica es fundamental para identificar el trastorno en su inicio. Metodología. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de Preocupación Pensilvania (PSWQ) en las cuatro diferentes versiones utilizadas en contextos clínicos en países de habla hispana: la escala original (PSWQ-16), la escala con ítems directos (PSWQ-16D) y dos versiones abreviadas (PSWQ-11 y PSWQ-8). Un total de 2.267 participantes respondieron a las diferentes versiones de los cuestionarios. Resultados. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la escala original (de 16 ítems) ajusta mejor al modelo de 2 factores relacionados. Sin embargo, el análisis con la versión del PSWQ con los reactivos directos y las versiones reducidas (de 11 y 8 reactivos), junto a otros argumentos indican que es más conveniente concebir el constructo de forma unidimensional. Además se observó una elevada consistencia interna y fiabilidad test-retest, así como una adecuada validez concurrente y discriminante. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren utilizar las versiones reducidas que muestran una estructura de un solo factor y mejores indicadores de ajuste. Se discuten los resultados y se sugieren futuras investigaciones

Background. In the XXI century anxiety disorders have become the most prevalent in Mexico, excessive worry is one of the first features that allows its identification. Have a valid and reliable instrument to assess the pathological worry is essential to identify the disorder from the beginning. Method. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Penn state worry questionnaire (PSWQ) in the four different versions used in clinical contexts in Spanish-speaking countries: the original scale (PSWQ-16), the direct form of the scale (PSWQ-16D) and two abbreviated versions (PSWQ-11 y PSWQ-8). A total of 2,267 participants were given those versions of the questionnaire. Results. Our results suggest that the original scale (16 items) fits to two related factors model. However, the analysis of the PSWQ version with all the items in its direct form and short versions (11 and 8 direct items), together with other arguments indicate that it is more convenient to conceive a one dimensional construct. Besides high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and adequate concurrent and discriminant validity. Conclusions. Results suggest use of the short versions (11 and 8 direct items) which shows a one-dimensional structure and the best goodness of fit indices. Results are discussed and future research are suggested

Ansiedad en técnicos de enfermería de atención primaria / Ansiedade em técnicos de enfermagem da atenção básica / Anxiety in primary care nursing technicians

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de ansiedad en el personal de enfermería de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, con énfasis en los aspectos clave para la aparición de la ansiedad. Método: Estudio descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo transversal, constituido por 28 técnicos de enfermería, mediante el Inventario de Ansiedad Traço-Estado (IDATE) como una herramienta para la recolección de datos. Resultados: 8 técnicos de enfermería mostraron niveles de alta ansiedad alta 20 baja ansiedad. Hubo un aumento en la puntuación en el IDATE-E en el momento durante la realización de actividades, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación al momento antes. Los bajos salarios, la carga de trabajo y la devaluación profesional fueron identificados como factores responsables de causar la aparición de la ansiedad en el contexto del trabajo. Conclusión: El estudio muestra un predominio de baja ansiedad entre la población estudiada, sin embargo, fue posible detectar factores desencadenantes de ansiedad, lo que indica que estos aspectos pueden dañar la peculiaridad de la asistencia a los usuarios

Objetivo: A valiar o nível de ansiedade em técnicos de enfermagem da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, enfatizando os aspectos determinantes para o surgimento da ansiedade. Método: Estudo de característica descritiva, transversal, abordagem quantitativa, constituído por 28 Técnicos de Enfermagem, utilizando o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) como instrumento para a coleta de dados. Resultados: 8 técnicos de enfermagem apresentaram níveis de alta ansiedade e 20 de baixa ansiedade. Houve um aumento no escore no IDATE-E no momento durante a realização das atividades, com diferença estatística em relação ao momento antes. A baixa remuneração, sobrecarga de trabalho e desvalorização profissional foram apontados como fatores responsáveis por provocar o aparecimento da ansiedade no âmbito de trabalho. Conclusão: O estudo evidencia uma predominância da baixa ansiedade entre a população estudada, porém, foi possível detectar fatores desencadeadores da ansiedade, apontando de que tais aspect os podem vir a prejudicar a peculiaridade da assistência ao usuário

Objective : To evaluate the level of anxiety in nursing technicians of the Family Health Strategy, emphasizing the determinant aspects for the emergence of anxiety. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative approach, consisting of 28 Nursing Technicians, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) as an instrument for data collection.Results: Eight nursing technicians presented levels of high anxiety and 20 of low anxiety. There was an increase in the S-Anxiety Scale score during the activities, with statistical difference in relation to the moment before. The low remuneration, work overload and professional devaluation were pointed out as factors responsible for provoking the appearance of anxiety within the scope of work. Conclusion: The study evidences a predominance of low anxiety among the study population; however, it was possible to detect factors triggering the anxiety, pointing out that such aspects may come to harm the peculiarity of the assistance to the user

Nivel de ansiedad de los pacientes antes de ingresar a la consulta odontológica / Dental Anxiety Before a Dentist Appointment / Nível de ansiedade em pacientes antes de ingressar à consulta odontológica

Resumen Introducción: la ansiedad dental o miedo al tratamiento odontológico es una de las dificultades más frecuentes para el profesional, y esto puede tener un impacto considerable en la salud oral. El objetivo es evaluar el nivel de ansiedad de los pacientes que acudieron a las consultas en la clínica odontológica de una empresa privada de servicios odontológicos, en 2015. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en el que se utilizó la Escala de Ansiedad Dental de Corah Modificada (MDAS), y se interrogó sobre la ansiedad que generan los componentes de la consulta odontológica. Resultados: participaron un total de 297 adultos de los cuales 54.85 % fueron varones y la mediana de edad fue 28 años. Se obtuvo un bajo número de pacientes con ansiedad extrema (7.74 %), siendo el porcentaje más elevado para la inyección de anestésico local (85.52 %). El 17.85 % obtuvo un nivel de ansiedad elevada y el 17.85 % severa. El componente de la consulta odontológica que generó mayor nivel de ansiedad fue la extracción dental con 40.40 %. Conclusión: el paciente debe sentirse lo más relajado posible al ir a una consulta odontológica por lo que se necesitan charlas a los proveedores de salud dental acerca de las diferentes técnicas para disminuir la ansiedad dental del paciente.

Abstract Introduction: Dental anxiety or consulting fear to dentist appointment and/or dental treatment, is one of the most frequent problems to the professional which can have an impact to the oral health. The objective is to assess the level of anxiety in patients that attend to appointments in a dental clinic from a private company of dental care in the year of 2015. Materials and methods: The study design is cross-sectional, Corah's Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was utilized. And question were made about the components of dental services that generate dental anxiety. Results: The sample consisted of 297 adult patients, 54.85 % were males and middle age was 28. It was obtained a low number of patients with extreme anxiety (7.74 %) according to the questions; being the highest percentage for local anesthetic injection for dental treatment (85.52 %). A 17.85 % had a high level of anxiety and 17.85 % had a severe level of anxiety. The component that caused anxiety the most was tooth extraction with a 40.40 %. Conclusion: The patient must feel as relax as possible when going to a dentist appointment that is why would be needed to speak with care providers about different techniques to reduce dental anxiety on patients.

Resumo Introdução: a ansiedade dental ou medo ao tratamento odontológico, é uma das dificuldades mais frequentes para o profissional, que pode ter impacto na saúde oral. O objetivo é avaliar o nível de ansiedade dos pacientes que acudiram às consultas na clínica odontológica de uma empresa privada de serviços odontológicos, no ano 2015. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal no qual utilizou-se a Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah Modificada (MDAS), e se interrogou sobre a ansiedade que geram os componentes da consulta odontológica. Resultados: participaram um total de 297 adultos dos quais 54.85 % foram homens e a idade média foi 28 anos. Obteve-se um número baixo de pacientes com ansiedade extrema (7.74 %), senda a porcentagem mais elevado para a injeção de anestésico local (85.52 %). O 17.85 % obteve um nível de ansiedade elevada e o 17.85 % severa. O componente da consulta odontológica que gerou maior nível de ansiedade foi a extração dental com 40.40 %. Conclusão: o paciente deve se sentir o mais relaxado possível ao ir a uma consulta odontológica pelo que precisam-se conversas aos provedores de saúde dental acerca das diferentes técnicas para diminuir a ansiedade dental do paciente.